Combustion of any fossil fuel generates some level of NO_x due to high temperatures and the availability of oxygen and nitrogen from both air and fuel. But, how is it formed? What are the two principle mechanisms of NO_x formation? And what are the various ways to control NO_x emissions?

This primer provides the basics for understanding these questions, and discusses both combustion and non-combustion methods of reducing NO_x levels in a fossil fuel-fired boiler.

Seminar participants will explore the factors that affect ESP performance, normal maintenance techniques and procedures.

Also included are techniques to optimize the operation of B&W precipitator control technologies (such as the SQ-300^®i controller, PRC-100® rapper controller and Precipitator Manager^TM software), and current trends in energization of precipitators.

Regardless of the firing method, when coal is burned, a relatively small portion of the ash will cause deposition problems.

Although the dominant factors affecting deposition are ash characteristics and boiler design, operating variables can also have a significant impact on slagging and fouling in the boiler furnace and on convective surfaces.

This article describes those operating variables, boiler surface cleaning options, and the benefits of applying advanced diagnostic and control systems.